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Used OEM desktops by reachable VRAM for local language models

Last updated 2026-09-05

The ceiling on a local model is card memory, and the ceiling on card memory is what the chassis and the power supply accept. This page puts the two together: for each machine, the largest card memory reachable through a card whose specifications fit, and the largest quantised model that fits inside that memory at the working context length.

We have not physically tested this combination. Data is compiled from official specification sheets and cited sources. Verify with the manufacturer before purchasing.

DesktopLargest reachable card memory Cards that fitLargest model that fits at 32k context Models that fit
Dell Precision 3660 Tower 48 GB 64 Qwen3 32B Q4_K_M, 27.5 GiB 15
HP Z2 Tower G9 Workstation 32 GB 107 Qwen3 32B Q4_K_M, 27.5 GiB 15
Dell OptiPlex 7000 Tower (2022) 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell OptiPlex 7080 Tower (2020) 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell OptiPlex 7090 Tower (2021) 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell OptiPlex Tower Plus 7010 (2023) 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell Precision 3630 Tower 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell Precision 3680 Tower 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
HP Z2 Tower G5 Workstation 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
HP Z2 Tower G8 Workstation 24 GB 110 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90t 24 GB 105 EXAONE 4.0 32B Estimated Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90t Gen 3 24 GB 115 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90t Gen 4 24 GB 112 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90t Gen 5 24 GB 115 EXAONE 4.0 32B Q4_K_M, 21.8 GiB 14
Dell OptiPlex 3050 Small Form Factor (2017) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3050 Tower (2017) 20 GB 45 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3060 Small Form Factor (2018) 20 GB 23 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3060 Tower (2018) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3080 Tower (2020) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3090 Small Form Factor (2021) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 3090 Tower (2021) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5040 Mini Tower (2015) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5040 Small Form Factor (2015) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5050 Small Form Factor (2017) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5050 Tower (2017) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5060 Small Form Factor (2018) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5060 Tower (2018) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5070 Small Form Factor (2019) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5070 Tower (2019) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5080 Small Form Factor (2020) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5080 Tower (2020) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 5090 Tower (2021) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7000 Small Form Factor (2022) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7040 Mini Tower (2015) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7040 Small Form Factor (2015) 20 GB 23 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7050 Small Form Factor (2017) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7050 Tower (2017) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7060 Small Form Factor (2018) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7060 Tower (2018) 20 GB 61 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7070 Small Form Factor (2019) 20 GB 42 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7070 Tower (2019) 20 GB 61 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7080 Small Form Factor (2020) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex 7090 Small Form Factor (2021) 20 GB 27 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex Small Form Factor 7010 (2023) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex Small Form Factor Plus 7010 (2023) 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell OptiPlex Tower 7010 (2023) 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Dell Precision 5820 Tower 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
HP Elite Tower 600 G9 20 GB 104 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
HP Elite Tower 800 G9 20 GB 48 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
HP Pro Tower 400 G9 20 GB 102 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
HP Z2 Small Form Factor G8 Workstation 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70t 20 GB 46 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70t Gen 4 20 GB 84 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70t Gen 5 20 GB 86 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M710 Tower 20 GB 24 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M720 Tower 20 GB 43 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M75t Gen 5 20 GB 46 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M80t 20 GB 46 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M80t Gen 3 20 GB 88 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M910 Tower 20 GB 103 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre M920 Tower 20 GB 65 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
Lenovo ThinkCentre neo 50t Gen 4 20 GB 44 Gemma 3 27B Q4_0 (QAT), 20.0 GiB 12
HP Z2 G9 SFF Workstation Desktop PC 8 GB 17 Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M, 7.9 GiB 4
HP Z2 Small Form Factor G5 Workstation 8 GB 17 Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M, 7.9 GiB 4
Lenovo ThinkCentre neo 50s Gen 4 8 GB 19 Qwen3 4B Q4_K_M, 7.9 GiB 4
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70s 6 GB 14 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70s Gen 3 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70s Gen 4 6 GB 11 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M70s Gen 5 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M710 Small Form Factor 6 GB 10 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M710e SFF 6 GB 11 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M720 SFF 6 GB 9 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M75s 6 GB 11 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M75s Gen 5 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M80s 6 GB 14 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M80s Gen 3 6 GB 13 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90s 6 GB 14 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90s Gen 3 6 GB 13 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90s Gen 4 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M90s Gen 5 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M910 Small Form Factor 6 GB 10 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3
Lenovo ThinkCentre M920 Small Form Factor 6 GB 12 Qwen3 1.7B Estimated Q4_K_M, 5.6 GiB 3

Power. Leave headroom; OEM PSUs are often rated at the limit.

Every row here is a summary of figures published on the individual pages, where each one carries its source, the date it was read and a confidence grade. Follow the links before acting on a row.

We have not physically tested this combination. Data is compiled from official specification sheets and cited sources. Verify with the manufacturer before purchasing.